Nepenthes * List of all Nepenthes species Number of Nepenthes species listed here: 192 A Nepenthes abalata Nepenthes abgracilis Nepenthes adnata Nepenthes adrianii Nepenthes aenigma Nepenthes alata Nepenthes alba Nepenthes albomarginata Nepenthes alfedoi Nepenthes alzapan Nepenthes ampullaria Nepenthes andamana Nepenthes angasanensis Nepenthes appendiculata Nepenthes argentii Nepenthes aristolochioides Nepenthes armin Nepenthes attenboroughii B Nepenthes barcelonae Nepenthes batik Nepenthes beccariana Nepenthes bellii Nepenthes benstonei Nepenthes berbulu Nepenthes biak Nepenthes bicalcarata Nepenthes bokorensis Nepenthes bongso Nepenthes boschiana Nepenthes bracteosa Nepenthes burbidgeae Nepenthes burkei C Nepenthes cabanae Nepenthes campanulata Nepenthes ceciliae Nepenthes chang Nepenthes chaniana Nepenthes cid Nepenthes clipeata Nepenthes copelandii Nepenthes cornuta D Nepenthes dactylifera Nepenthes danseri Nepenthes deaniana Nepenthes densiflora Nepenthes diabolica Nepenthes diatas Nepenthes distillatoria Nepenthes domei Nepenthes dubia E Nepenthes edwardsiana Nepenthes ephippiata Nepenthes epiphytica Nepenthes erucoides Nepenthes eustachya Nepenthes extincta Nepenthes eymae F Nepenthes faizaliana Nepenthes flava Nepenthes fractiflexa Nepenthes fusca G Nepenthes gantungensis Nepenthes glabrata Nepenthes glandulifera Nepenthes graciliflora Nepenthes gracilis Nepenthes gracillima Nepenthes gymnamphora H Nepenthes halmahera Nepenthes hamata Nepenthes hamiguitanensis Nepenthes harauensis Nepenthes hemsleyana Nepenthes higaonon Nepenthes hirsuta Nepenthes hirtella Nepenthes hispida Nepenthes holdenii I Nepenthes inermis Nepenthes insignis Nepenthes izumiae J Nepenthes jacquelineae Nepenthes jamban Nepenthes junghuhnii Nepenthes justinae K Nepenthes kampalili Nepenthes kampotiana Nepenthes kerrii Nepenthes khasiana Nepenthes kitanglad Nepenthes klossii Nepenthes kongkandana Nepenthes krabiensis L Nepenthes lamii Nepenthes latiffiana Nepenthes lavicola Nepenthes leonardoi Nepenthes leyte Nepenthes lingulata Nepenthes longifolia Nepenthes longiptera Nepenthes lowii M Nepenthes maagnawensis Nepenthes macfarlanei Nepenthes macrophylla Nepenthes macrovulgaris Nepenthes madagascariensis Nepenthes malayensis Nepenthes malimumuensis Nepenthes manobo Nepenthes mantalingajanensis Nepenthes mapuluensis Nepenthes maryae Nepenthes masoalensis Nepenthes maxima Nepenthes megastoma Nepenthes merrilliana Nepenthes micramphora Nepenthes mikei Nepenthes mindanacensis Nepenthes minima Nepenthes mira Nepenthes mirabilis Nepenthes misoolensis Nepenthes mollis Nepenthes monticola Nepenthes muluensis Nepenthes murudensis N Nepenthes naga Nepenthes nebularum Nepenthes negros Nepenthes neoguineensis Nepenthes nigra Nepenthes northiana O Nepenthes orbiculata Nepenthes ovata P Nepenthes palawanensis Nepenthes paniculata Nepenthes pantaronensis Nepenthes papuana Nepenthes parvula Nepenthes pectinata Nepenthes peltata Nepenthes pervillei Nepenthes petiolata Nepenthes philippinensis Nepenthes pilosa Nepenthes pitopangii Nepenthes platychila Nepenthes pongoides Nepenthes pudica Nepenthes pulchra Nepenthes putaiguneung R Nepenthes rafflesiana Nepenthes rajah Nepenthes ramispina Nepenthes ramos Nepenthes reinwardtiana Nepenthes rhombicaulis Nepenthes rigidifolia Nepenthes robcantleyi Nepenthes rosea Nepenthes rowaniae S Nepenthes samar Nepenthes sanguinea Nepenthes saranganiensis Nepenthes sericea Nepenthes sibuyanensis Nepenthes singalana Nepenthes smilesii Nepenthes spathulata Nepenthes spectabilis Nepenthes stenophylla Nepenthes sumagaya Nepenthes sumatrana Nepenthes suratensis Nepenthes surigacensis T Nepenthes talaandig Nepenthes talangensis Nepenthes taminii Nepenthes tayninhensis Nepenthes tboli Nepenthes tenax Nepenthes tentaculata Nepenthes tenuis Nepenthes thai Nepenthes thorelii Nepenthes tobaica Nepenthes tomoriana Nepenthes treubiana Nepenthes truncata U Nepenthes ultra Nepenthes ulukaliana Nepenthes undulatifolia V Nepenthes veitchii Nepenthes ventricosa Nepenthes vieillardii Nepenthes villosa Nepenthes viridis Nepenthes vogelii W Nepenthes weda X Nepenthes xiphioides Z Nepenthes zakriana Nepenthes zygon * Nepenthes Distribution Map Worldwide India Sri Lanka Thailand Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia Borneo Malaysia Indonesia Java Sumatra Sulawesi West Papua Kalimantan (Borneo) Philippines Australia Papua New Guinea Seychelles Madagascar Cambodia Vietnam China * General Information About Nepenthes Propagation Sexual Propagation Pollination Nepenthes are dioecious plants. Fresh pollen must be applied to the sticky stigma of the female plant. Pollination was successful if the seed capsules begin to swell. Seeds are ripe when the capsule becomes very dry and opens under slight pressure or splits open on its own. Raising Seedlings Seeds germinate best when they are very fresh. Seeds are sown on the surface of the substrate, as they are light germinators. Fertilizing with something like Osmocote placed 2–3 cm below the substrate surface can greatly accelerate seedling growth. Seedlings should be pricked out when the substrate surface becomes overgrown with moss and the seedlings have 2–3 pitcher-bearing leaves. Vegetative Propagation Cuttings & Nodes Use top cuttings or shoot cuttings with at least 1 node, ideally 2–3 nodes. Cuttings should be taken with a clean, sharp knife. Leaves may be cut in half or reduced to one third of their size to reduce water loss. Insert the cuttings into moist substrate, such as a sphagnum-perlite mix. Ensure high humidity. Place them in a warm environment (around 25 °C) with bright light. Rooting can take several weeks to several months. Basal Shoots Basal shoots are side shoots growing from the base of the mother plant. Separate the shoot carefully, ideally with its own root system already forming. Care is the same as for cuttings: warm, humid, and bright conditions. General Notes on Climate in Nepenthes Cultivation and the Importance of VPD Nepenthes are tropical plants with very different requirements in terms of temperature, humidity, and light. These differences are determined by the habitats the plants originally come from, which can vary greatly in these conditions even within tropical regions. Altitude is especially important, as it strongly influences temperature patterns and humidity in the natural habitat. Light intensity also depends greatly on location. Some species grow close to the ground in the shade of dense vegetation, while others are epiphytic or climbing plants that seek greater light exposure. In higher mountain regions, sunlight can be quite direct because the surrounding vegetation is less dense. Frequent rainfall and fog also affect light conditions through diffusion and shading. The graphic on the right provides general guidance on typical daytime temperatures for different Nepenthes groups. This categorization is based mainly on altitude, but it is not always exact, since there are microclimatic особененности local to the natural distribution of certain species. For this reason, species-specific research is always recommended. While many Nepenthes show some tolerance for deviations from ideal conditions, ultra-highland species in particular react very sensitively to excessive temperatures or low humidity. For these species, keeping conditions as close as possible to the ideal range is essential for vitality and survival. VPD – Vapor Pressure Deficit as a Climate Factor VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit) describes the evaporative demand of the air, meaning how strongly it is able to draw water from the plant. For plants, VPD is a key environmental factor because it directly influences how much water they lose through their stomata. This process is closely linked to CO₂ uptake for photosynthesis as well as the transport of water and nutrients within plant tissues. Calculation Saturation Vapor Pressure (es): The maximum vapor pressure the air can hold at a given temperature. e_s(T) = 0.6108 · exp((17.27 · T) / (T + 237.3)) (T in °C, result in kPa) Actual Vapor Pressure (ea): Vapor pressure according to relative humidity. e_a = e_s(T) · RH / 100 VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit): Difference between saturation vapor pressure and actual vapor pressure. VPD = e_s(T) - e_a Importance in Cultivation VPD too high: The air removes too much moisture from the leaves, creating a risk of drought stress. VPD too low: Transpiration is greatly reduced, so water and nutrient uptake function poorly. Modern climate controllers and hygrometers can display VPD or even regulate it automatically. In closed systems such as display cabinets, terrariums, or grow tents, this allows especially precise control while also improving energy efficiency. Nepenthes ampullaria Nepenthes ampullaria Family Nepenthaceae Genus Nepenthes Clade Urceolatae Species Nepenthes ampullaria Author Jack Distribution Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, Thailand, Neuguinea, Molukken, Singapur Climate Lowland - Intermediate Space requirement medium Growth habit trailing to climbing Tolerance medium Pitcher size < 10 cm Nepenthes ampullaria is a very widespread, climbing species that is mainly found on the forest floor of tropical rainforests. It is distributed at altitudes ranging from sea level to over 1000 m above sea level. Its range extends over a large part of the Southeast Asian island zone. Its unique feature is that it produces carpets of pitchers on the ground, formed from numerous basal shoots. These serve to catch all material that falls from above. In addition to insects, this includes leaves and other organic material. Nepenthes ampullaria is therefore a detritivore. To this end, the lids of the pitchers are folded upwards or completely backwards. Some frogs (Microhyla nepenthicola) even live in their pitchers, and their tadpoles grow up in them. The leaves of the basal shoots are usually so small that only the pitchers can be seen in large numbers, and not the leaves. However, in favor of the basal shoots, tall pitchers are very rarely formed in nature or in cultivation. In general, the pitchers of Nepenthes ampullaria are more barrel-shaped or egg-shaped. In cultivation, Nepenthes ampullaria can quickly reach considerable sizes. Individual leaves grow to about 25 cm long and 6 cm wide, but bend down slightly after fully unfolding and beginning to form pitchers. The approximate maximum diameter of the plant should therefore be around 50 cm. In relation to the size of the leaves, the pitchers formed are relatively small. A maximum height of approx. 10 cm and a width of 7 cm can be expected. The vast majority of Nepenthes ampullaria in cultivation originate from lowland or intermediate origins. This species tolerates a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels, although a consistently high humidity is strongly preferred. The minimum temperature at night should ideally not fall below 15 °C, and a temperature above 20 °C is desirable. Nepenthes ampullaria is a fairly readily available plant that is suitable even for beginners. There are also a variety of color variants and hybrids with Nepenthes ampullaria, which have adopted some of the characteristic features of the pitchers. The lids are always slightly wider, revealing hybridization, even if the pitcher shape is still reminiscent of a pure species. Cultivation Ideal Conditions Parameter Suggestion Notes Temperature (Day) 22–35 °C e.g Many plants grow well between 20–30 °C. Temperature (Night) 20–25 °C e.g. Shouldnt fall below 15 °C Light 100–300 PPFD Information about light habits of the plant Humidity 80–100 % Describe the plants preferred humidity conditions and if theres special characteristics about it, like evaporation protection (indumentum) or smthg like this Substrate & Fertilizing Parameter Suggestion Hinweise Substrate List Substrates Organic or Mineral Substrate preferred Potsize eg. bigger or small pot e.g. the plant roots very wide and has more or less sensitive roots Watering Always keep very moist Maybe natural occurence habits, peaty swamps, only epiphytic... Fertilizing Amount and frequency (eg. 500 µS every week) mineralic fertilizer Fertilizer Tolerance medium to high e.g.  Pitchers get damaged if fertilizing was too much Unique characteristics Bildet Teppiche aus zahlreichen Basaltrieben Sehr schnelles Wachstum bei hohen Temperaturen Hochkannen werden nur selten gebildet In vielen Farbvarianten erhältlich Galery General Pictures   User Cultivatad Plants Bild Conditions Temperature Summer Day: 24–30 °C Summer Night: 23–28 °C Winter Day: 24–25 °C Winter Night: 22–23 °C Humidity 85–97 % Light Intensity ca. 200 PPFD Notes BE-3390 "Lime Twist" Peat Substrat always very moist high transparent pot Fertilized every 14 Days - 1200µS Hakaphos Biggest Pitcher: 11 cm Cultivated By: Kevin Weblinks Wikipedia – Nepenthes ampullaria Nepenthes ampullaria on iNaturalist More Nepenthes-Species on Carnipedia Nepenthes Template Nepenthes XYZ Family Nepenthaceae Genus Nepenthes Clade Urceolatae Species Nepenthes XYZ Author Jack Distribution Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia, Thailand, Neuguinea, Molukken, Singapur.... Climate Lowland - Intermediate - Highland Space requierement medium Growth habit trailing to climbing Tolerance medium Pitcher size < 10 cm Descriptive Text, Just look on other pages for content examples Cultivation Ideal Conditions Parameter Suggestion Notes Temperature (Day) 22–35 °C e.g Many plants grow well between 20–30 °C. Temperature (Night) 20–25 °C e.g. Shouldnt fall below 15 °C Light 100–300 PPFD Information about light habits of the plant Humidity 80–100 % Describe the plants preferred humidity conditions and if theres special characteristics about it, like evaporation protection (indumentum) or smthg like this Substrate & Fertilizing Parameter Suggestion Hinweise Substrate List Substrates Organic or Mineral Substrate preferred Potsize eg. bigger or small pot e.g. the plant roots very wide and has more or less sensitive roots Watering Always keep very moist Maybe natural occurence habits, peaty swamps, only epiphytic... Fertilizing Amount and frequency (eg. 500 µS every week) mineralic fertilizer Fertilizer Tolerance medium to high e.g.  Pitchers get damaged if fertilizing was too much Unique characteristics  Bildet Teppiche aus zahlreichen Basaltrieben Sehr schnelles Wachstum bei hohen Temperaturen Hochkannen werden nur selten gebildet In vielen Farbvarianten erhältlich Galery General Pictures User Cultivatad Plants  Bild Conditions Temperature Summer Day: 24–30 °C Summer Night: 23–28 °C Winter Day: 24–25 °C Winter Night: 22–23 °C Humidity 85–97 % Light Intensity ca. 200 PPFD Notes BE-3390 "Lime Twist" Peat Substrat always very moist high transparent pot Fertilized every 14 Days - 1200µS Hakaphos Biggest Pitcher: 11 cm Cultivated By: Kevin Weblinks Wikipedia – Nepenthes ampullaria Nepenthes ampullaria on iNaturalist More Nepenthes-Species on Carnipedia Nepenthes campanulata N. campanulata on Gunung Mulu  CC BY-NC 4.0 by Tom Holenstein Family Nepenthaceae Genus Nepenthes Clade Insignes Species Nepenthes campanulata Author Sh. Kurata Distribution Borneo Climate Lowland - Intermediate Space requierement small Growth habit Rosette Tolerance medium Pitcher size < 10 cm Nepenthes campanulata is a rather small species native to East Kalimantan in Borneo. It has several rather unusual characteristics that are not found in many other species. These include its very compact growth habit and the fact that it does not climb. Plants with a height of around 10-30 cm are already fully grown and capable of flowering. In addition, the pitchers have only a very narrow peristome, which is why it is sometimes referred to as the lowland Nepenthes inermis. The pitchers reach only about 5 to 10 cm in size and do not have a particularly long lifespan. However, the pitcher opening is very wide and can reach up to 5 cm in diameter. The leaves grow to around 12 cm long and 2 cm wide. Occurrences of Nepenthes campanulata are found on moss-covered limestone cliffs that are otherwise mostly devoid of substrate, at elevations of 300 to 400 m above sea level. Some of these sites are located directly on steep slopes. The habitats have high humidity and are very bright. This species prefers daytime temperatures of 24 °C to 30 °C and nighttime temperatures not below 18 °C. Nepenthes campanulata is a fairly widely available species, although it can still be problematic for some growers when kept as a pure species. There is also a wide range of hybrids involving Nepenthes campanulata, many of which have inherited the characteristic bell-shaped pitcher opening. Most plants available in cultivation have purely green pitchers, although a few forms with red speckling inside the pitchers are also known. Cultivation Ideal Conditions Parameter Suggestion Notes Temperature (Day) 24–28°C Works well in Lowland to Intermediate tropical climate Temperature (Night) 18–22 °C Shouldnt fall below 15 °C Light 100–300 PPFD Growths lithophytic on limestone cliffs, with constant small amounts of water running down the wall, gets a fair amount of light. Still all in cultivation from Gunung Mulu site arent that exposed to light Humidity 40–90 % It seems that also lower humidity isnt an issue for this species, still a bit higher amounts seems to be fine at around constant 60-70% Substrate & Fertilizing Parameter Suggestion Notes Substrate AKP, Sphagnum mixed with Limestone AKP is working well, Nerz said he uses Sphagnum 3/4 with limestone 1/4. Akadama/pumice 50/50 can work very well too. Potsize medium The plant has really sensitive roots which break off with ease. Preventing often repots by choosing a pot which fits it for a long time is better Watering Always keep very moist Seems to doesnt like to sit in water or having drops on the leaves for too long Fertilizing around  500-1000 µS every week Needs a bit more fertilization than other Nepenthes species Fertilizer Tolerance high Feels good with a good amount of fertilization Unique characteristics  Non vining species Fresh and still folded leaves and tendril tips can appear black cause of the hairs Roots are very fragile Flowers even with just 10cm diameter and very regularly Doesnt produce upper pitchers, but the maturity changes the appearance of the pitchers a bit Difficult to hybridize as the seed parents: probable endospermic incompatibility Galery General Pictures User Cultivatad Plants  Picture Conditions Temperature Summer Day: 24–30 °C Summer Night: 23–28 °C Winter Day: 25–28 °C Winter Night: 21–23 °C Humidity 85–95 % Light Intensity around 150 PPFD Notes Campanulata AW Clone 08 AKP Substrate always a bit moist Fertilized every 14 Days - 1200µS Hakaphos Biggest Pitcher: 5cm Cultivated By: Kevin Weblinks Wikipedia – Nepenthes campanulata Nepenthes campanulata on iNaturalist Nepenthes campanulata in the Carnivorous Plants Database More Nepenthes-Species on Carnipedia